How Reporters Get Quotes for Their News Stories

So you’ve done a long interview with a source, you have pages of notes, and you’re ready to write. But chances are you’ll only be able to fit a few quotes from that lengthy interview into your article. Which ones should you use? Reporters often talk about using only â€Å"good† quotes for their stories, but what does this mean? What Is a Good Quote? Broadly speaking, a good quote is when someone says something interesting, and says it in an interesting way. Look at the following two examples: â€Å"We will use U.S. military force in an appropriate and decisive manner.† â€Å"When I take action, I’m not going to fire a $2 million missile at a $10 empty tent and hit a camel in the butt. It’s going to be decisive.† Which is the better quote? Let’s consider this by asking a broader question: What should a good quote do? Grab the Reader’s Attention Using our two examples, it’s clear the first quote is dry and academic-sounding. It sounds like a sentence taken from a particularly dull research paper or dissertation. The second quote, on the other hand, is colorful and even funny. Evoke Images A good quote, like good writing, evokes images in the reader’s mind. Using our two examples, it’s clear the first quote evokes nothing. But the second quote evokes a bizarre image that’s bound to stick in the reader’s brain – a camel being hit in the posterior with an expensive, high-tech missile. Convey a Sense of the Speaker’s Personality Our first quote leaves no impression of who the speaker might be. Indeed, it sounds more like a scripted line from an anonymous Pentagon press release. The second quote, however, gives the reader a feel for the personality of the speaker – in this case, President George Bush. The reader gets a sense of both Bush’s determination and his penchant for off-the-cuff humor. Convey Regional Differences in Speech Looking again at our first quote, can you discern where the speaker was raised? Of course not. But one could argue that Bush’s quote, with its salty humor and coarse imagery, contains some of the colors of his Texas upbringing. A reporter I worked with once covered a tornado in the Deep South. He interviewed victims of the twister and in his story contained a quote that included the phrase, â€Å"I tell you what.† That’s a phrase you’re only likely to hear in the South, and by putting it in his story, the reporter gave readers a feel for the region and the people affected by the storm. A good reporter could do the same thing in any area with distinctive patterns of speech, from the South Bronx to the upper Midwest to East Los Angeles. Given everything we’ve discussed, it seems clear the second of our two examples is by far the better quote. So what makes a bad quote? Unclear Speech Anytime someone says something in an unclear or unintelligible fashion, chances are you’re not going to use that as a quote. In such cases, if the information contained in the quote is important to your story, paraphrase it – put it into your own words. In fact, reporters often must paraphrase much of what they gather in interviews because many people simply don’t speak very clearly. People don’t craft their speech the way a writer crafts a sentence. Basic Factual Data If you’re interviewing a source who’s giving you reams of data, such as numbers or statistics, that kind of information should be paraphrased. There’s simply no point in quoting, for instance, the CEO who tells you his company’s revenues increased 3 percent in the second quarter, 5 percent in the third quarter and so on. It may be important for your story, but it’s boring as a quote. Profane or Offensive Speech Most mainstream news organizations have policies banning or limiting the use of vulgar or offensive speech in news stories. So, for example, if a source you’re interviewing starts swearing profusely, or uttering racial slurs, you’re probably not going to be able to quote them. An exception to that rule might be if the profane or offensive speech serves some larger purpose in your story. For instance, if you’re profiling your town’s mayor, and he has a reputation for salty language, you might use part of a profane quote in your story to show that, indeed, the man likes to cuss.

Sexual Abuse of Slave Women - 1672 Words

A slave womans body was not of her own, but for property, for control, and for pleasure of the one who owned her. In Gayl Joness Corregidora, Four generations endure the brutal and harshness of sexual and emotional abuse from slavery to marriage. This trickling factor of abuse must be continuously retold and soon manages to uncover a secret that has been kept silence from the very beginning. Gayl Jones illustrates that future generations of men and women are affected by the sexual exploitations that women in slavery experienced. Ursa Corregidora, the great-granddaughter of a Portuguese slave owner, is a beautiful mulatto women from Kentucky who sings the blues at Happys Cafe. Due to a violent fall caused from the act of jealous†¦show more content†¦Woman being seen as property to men, are shown as a trophy or prize to the public, the men wanting to show what they have off, but only when the men want to show them. When Ursa doesnt take Mutts hand so that can dance on the da nce floor, he is very irritated with a dont embarrass me, woman, was in his eyes(163). Love of men wasnt in the minds of the Corregidora women. The women were considered breeders during slavery and that mindset carried onto Mama. She wasnt looking for a man, but when she met Martin, her body decided for her. Like my body or something knew what it wanted ... and knew it would have you, and knew youd be a girl (114). Mama seems to not want to repeat the same method as Great Gram and Gram did. Having a child without love, but when it did happen Martin was angry. He figured out what the Corregidora women were doing and they did not like that he knew the truth. In a way, the womens sexuality and desire to keep the tradition alive, trapped the men so that the women are able to get what they wanted and then discard them and not be hurt again. When Mama and even Ursa cast away both Martin and Tadpole, the women was comparing the men with Corregidora. Once this comparison happened, Martin a nd Tadpole began to act in a way that Corregidora would have done with his slave women. Therefore, both men treats them harshly and try to take control of the women, knocking them to their lowest point. Tadpole says toShow MoreRelatedThe Life Of A Slave Girl By John S. Jacobs And A True Tale Of Slavery963 Words   |  4 Pageshowever, Harriett A. Jacobs provides new insight as to the feministic repression due to the happenings of slavery. In â€Å"Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl† by Harriett A. Jacobs and â€Å"A True Tale of Slavery† by John S. Jacobs, the corrupting power of slavery is established as a central theme that accompanied the sexual exploitation of African American women. Both authors give individualized understandings of events that shaped the lives and culture of those who endured them, contributing to the fundamentalRead MoreBlack Women As Sexual Objects1662 Words   |  7 Pagesmedia. This view of black women as sexual objects we see in the med ia today has its roots in the common practice of rape during slavery by white male owners of their black female slaves. Many Black novelists attempt to complicate this idea of Black women as sexual objects through literature. The idea of Black women as sexual objects has been internalized by Black women themselves and has affected their way to have healthy romantic relationships. The exposure of Black women today cannot be understoodRead MoreEssay on Did Gender Make a Difference within Slavery?803 Words   |  4 PagesNarrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass. Within this narrative he dezribes how men and women slaves were treated differently by their masters. Women were abused by their master, physically, sexually, and mentally, while men were mostly abused physically and mentally. Many slave women suffered regular beatings. Frederick Douglass mentions several different instances where female slaves who he knew where beaten regularly. One of Douglasss first overseers, Mr. Plummer, would beatRead MoreThe Life Of A Slave Girl By Harriet Jacobs1292 Words   |  6 Pagesimmensely. I was particularly intrigued in how the texts showed how men and women were treated differently under the institution of slavery. I chose to focus on two texts: Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl and Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass. In the personal narrative Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, author Harriet Jacobs depicts the various struggles she endured in the course of her life as a young female slave and, as she grew older, a runaway escaped to the â€Å"free† land of the NorthRead MoreSex Slavery Essay976 Words   |  4 Pagesthat limits the victims autonomy, mobility, and power in regards to their own sexual activity. As we progress through time, we see a relationship between sex slavery and slaves brought to the Americas during the Transatlantic slave trade. When the trade was banned in 1808, slave owners wanted to ensure their slave labor in any way possible, and they came to the idea of extending the descendants of the current slave generation thats in their reach. Unfortunately, that did not limit contributorsRead MoreStirring up the North to See the Horrors of Slavery: Harriet Jacobs’s Narrative Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl1103 Words   |  5 PagesLife of a Slave Girl i s very effective in using various tactics in order to get women in the North to pay attention and question the horrifying conditions in the South. By acknowledging that not all slaveholders were inhumane, explaining the horrific abuse and punishments slaves endured, and comparing the manner in which whites and slaves spent their holidays, Jacobs’s narrative serves its purpose of arousing Northern women to take notice of the appalling conditions two million Southern slaves continuedRead MoreWomen s Resistance During Captivity1124 Words   |  5 PagesSimone’s legendary song â€Å"Four Women† illustrates the harsh realities that enslaved Black Women endured. It gives insight through the lens of how society views the legacy for Black Women, and exposes the struggles inflicted onto Black Women who were in bondage. An extraction of the inequalities that Black Women suffered was physical abuse, sexual violence, and psychological agony. In each character of the song, Simone relates it to the various lifestyles coerced upon Black Women during slavery, and whetherRead MoreProstitution Is A Profession For Victims Of Coercion, Human Trafficking, Physical, And Mental Health1396 Words   |  6 Pagesattitude is the same attitude that the greater world population needs to have towards the degrading act of selling ones body for money. 70 out of the 196 countries in the world (Meltzer) that have legalized the practice or occupation of engaging in sexual activity with someone for payment (Merriam-Webster.com), and before this number can get any larger, someone needs to listen to the thousands of voices that are saying â€Å"no† to prostitution. There are an unimaginably vast number of issues this professionRead MoreThe Invention Of The Cotton Gin By Eli Whitney1169 Words   |  5 Pagesera, African slaves faced a life of struggle and fear. In 1793, the invention of the cotton gin by Eli Whitney revolutionized economy as well as American slavery. This new machinery enabled the separation of the seeds from the cotton, making the cotton production increase extremely. However, with the increase of the white gold ( as it was called), there was a consequent increase on the request of slave labor. Therefore, slaves worked long hours on the fields, while many women slaves were confinedRead MoreSexual Exploitation Of Female Slaves During The American South1468 Words   |  6 PagesSexual Exploitation of Female Slaves in the American South â€Å"He told me that I was made for his use, made to obey his command in every thing; that I was nothing but a slave, whose will must and should surrender to his†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The treatment of slaves varied in their personal experiences as well as in the experiences of others they knew, but Harriet Jacobs phenomenally described the dynamics of the relationship between many female slaves and their superiors with these words from her personal narrative,

Institutional Theory in Business Marketing †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Institutional Theory in Business Marketing. Answer: Introduction: Marketing management defines the organizational disciplines inside an organization. It focuses on the marketing orientation, technique and other methods, which are highly required for achieving organizational goals (Hutchinson et al. 2015). The study will discuss the marketing and management of Coca Cola Amatil in Australia. In issue 1, the study will provide a brief description of the organization and its industry. In issue 2, the study will analyze the 5Cs of the organization. Apart from that, the issue 3 of the study will describe the ways in which the organization collects information about their 5Cs. Based on the analysis; the study will develop potential target market, value proposition and positioning statement in issue 4. Furthermore, the study will also develop marketing tactics for the organization in terms of 7Ps of Marketing. Founded on 1904 with headquarter in New South Wales (NSW), Coca Cola Amatil (CCA) has expanded in most of the Asia-Pacific regions including New Zealand, Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and Samoa. CCA operates in beverage industry and is a public listed company with products ranging from non-alcoholic drinks to ready-to-eat fruit and vegetable items. A$5.12 billion was its revenue and A$79.9 million was its profit in the year 2014, which made it among the top five listed companies in Australia (Ccamatil.com 2017). The beverage industry of Australia can be analyzed through Porters Five Force: Factors Explanation Bargaining power of Supplier Low bargaining power due to plenty of suppliers Big market players are the key clients for suppliers Suppliers are neither differentiated or concentrated Bargaining power of Buyer High bargaining power from huge availability of soft-drinks Bargaining power tends to decreasewith increase of end consumer brand loyalty Market Competition Tremendous market competition with key players such as Coca Cola Amatil,Pepsico, Schweppes, Kirks, Nudie Foods Australia, Nestle Waters and Dr Pepper Snapple Group Threat from Substitute Local firms delivering new flavors of energy drinks such as juice, soda and drinks items Price offered by new firms are quite lower then big players Threat from New Entrants High threat from supermarket local brands such as Woolworths and Coles Relatively low barriers for new entries due to zero capital requirement and less consumer switching Table 1: Porter Five Force Analysis (Source: Externally 2017) Mission Statement and Value Statement The statement indicates that CCA tries to ensure satisfaction for its stakeholders, which would in turn help in earning happiness. CCA value statement is: We are open and straightforward We focus on present and future We create initiative and achieve the outcome According to Vanharanta, Chakrabarti and Wong (2014), marketing orientation comprises of customer orientation, competition orientation and inter-functional coordination.CCA offers soft-drinks with differentiated carbon and sugar content so that both health conscious and casual market segments are addressed. In this way it has able to create sustainable market position. Considering customer orientation, CCA has targeted age segment from 13 to 75, low to high income range, health conscious and even corporate sector consumers. Both suppliers and investors are its prime internal coordination stakeholders. Long-term relationship is kept with beverage suppliers and strong short-term relationship with Digital advertisement partners. The diversified product portfolio of CCA includes soft drinks, energy drinks, sports drinks, spring water, flavored milk, fruit juices, tea, coffee and ready-to-eat fruit and vegetable snacks. The Small Business Units (SBUs) of CCA are water, alcoholic beverage, non-alcoholic beverage, hot beverage and food. Most of the products are of high sugar and carbon content in beverage category and its water category is gaining rapid market share (Hingley, Angell and Campelo 2015). Role of Brand in Marketing Strategy According to Viio and Grnroos (2014), CCA offers wide range of items and most of those are good in quality, however the taste is quite similar to other alcoholic beverage brands. Therefore, CCA needs to classify its brand and increase brand loyalty through enhanced marketing strategy so that customer pool can be retained in future. Therefore, branding will help in customer retention, accelerated sales and earning revenue, which will eventually help in developing other business units. Coca Cola Amatil has wide range of non-alcoholic beverage drink products, which meets the various kinds of needs of the customers. Ardjouman and Asma (2015) opined that high quality of the beverage drinks has added to the organizational strength of Coca Cola Amatil. High brand reputation of Coca Cola Amatil attracts huge customers groups. Furthermore, wide distribution network and increasing global presence of Coca Cola Amatil has ultimately increased its overall sales volume. On the other hand, Coombes and Nicholson (2013) opined that Coca Cola Amatil has lack of health beverages, which limits its business success. The organization has huge opportunity towards diversifying its product line towards health beverages and food products. However, Coca Cola Amatil faces tough competition in the marker from the companies like Pepsico, Inc, Nestle, Lion Dairy and Drinks. Coca Cola Amatil serves the customers, who have high refreshing needs. The organization has targeted highly health conscious people. Moreover, it used low sugar level in their drink categories. While considering the typical behavior of the customers, it can be seen that most of the customers demand highly quality beverage drinks from Coca Cola Amatil. The customers mostly purchase the products of Coca Cola Amatil from either retail stores or grocery shops (Eng and Ozdemir 2014). However, the changing needs and preferences of the customers towards health drinks seem to be threats on the organization. Coca Cola Amatil has unique source of suppliers both from domestic as well as international market. Moreover, the organization always searches for qualified suppliers, who meet the highest quality standard. Therefore, such unique source of suppliers helps the organization in providing high quality beverage drinks in the market. Apart from that, the organization maintains effective relationship with the distributors for reaching the drinks into several retail, grocery, supermarkets, educational institutes, hotels, bars, corporate houses and others (Mller 2013). The current major competitors of Coca Cola Amatil are Pepsico, Inc, Nestle, Lion Dairy and Drinks. These organizations are also providing almost same quality drinks even in affordable price. However, there is moderate threat of new entrants in the beverage industry. New entrants face tough challenges in beating the competitive force of reputed organizations like Coca Cola Amatil, Nestle and others (Yang and Su 2014). According to Viio and Grnroos (2016), stable political condition of Australia and favorable government support facilitated Coca Cola Amatil in its business success. Reduced tariff rate and free trade agreement of Australia impose less legal constraints on the organization. On the other hand, Zhou et al. (2015) opined that increasing income of the people has increased their spending power, which enhances their ability to spend on beverage products. However, the customers are more likely to shift in health drink products, which can impose threat for the organization. Advanced digitalization and popularity of social media have actually enhanced the product promotion of Coca Cola Amatil. Collection of Information of Customers Coca Cola Amatil gathers huge information about the customers through effective market research. The organization use customer survey for gathering valuable information about the customers. Apart from that, Karjaluoto, Mustonen and Ulkuniemi (2015) opined that Coca Cola Amatil effectively uses social media for gathering information regarding the needs and preferences of the customers. On the other hand, the organization also uses product recommendation tool for understanding the current preferences of customers. Coca Cola Amatil effectively collect information about its competitors though applying market intelligence. The organization often visits and monitors the outlets of the competitors for gathering information about them. According to La Rocca and Snehota (2014), Coca Cola Amatil often collects information about the competitors from social media sites. From social media sites, the organization gets to know about various offerings, discounts and other valuable information about the competitors. On the other hand, Homburg, Jozi? and Kuehnl (2017) opined that the marketing managers of Coca Cola Amatil frequently attend business conferences. From such conferences, the organization receives varieties of valuable information about the competitors. Coca Cola Amatil always assesses the changing context of the business through observing the trends in the market. Zhou et al. (2015) pointed out that the organization uses social media and customer survey for assessing changing preferences of the customers. Apart from that, the organization also has market intelligence software towards assessing the market trends in the changing business context. Furthermore, the organization also uses business conferences for identifying the changing business process and trends of competitor organizations. Collection of Information about Role of Collaborators Coca Cola Amatil try to search for effective wholesalers in the market over the internet. Coca Cola research on the B2B supplier directory for getting efficient and unique source of suppliers. From such directory, the organization also gets effective information about the role of these suppliers in business process (La Rocca and Snehota 2014). Potential STP of Coca Cola Amatil Segmentation Geographical: Both domestic as well as international customers Demographic Age: Mostly adult, teenage and old people will be the potential customers Gender: Both male as well as female customers Income: Customer mostly having secure source of income will be the potential customers Education: Mostly educated persons will be chosen as customers Household: The organization will choose customers beyond Occupation: College students, business person, corporate officials, athletics Psychographic Attitude: People having positive attitude towards their life Lifestyle: People having sophisticated lifestyle Personality: People having positive personality Brand Preference: People having high level of brand preference Price Sensitivity: People having moderate price sensitivity Conservative/Liberal: People having liberal mind to taste new beverage drinks Behavioral Purchase History: People having long history of purchasing beverage drinks Store Preferences: People, who are more likely to purchase from retail stores and departmental stores Information Source: People seeking information over internet Benefit sought: People seeking some extra benefits from the products Target The organization will target all teenagers, adults and old people The targeted customers will have secure source of income College students, business person, corporate officials, athletics will the target for the organization People mostly having positive personality and positive attitude towards the life will be the target for the organization The organization will also target the people having high brand preferences Positioning High quality of the products Real Cola Taste Revitalizing Ingredients Extremely Refreshing Thirst Quenching Best Soft Drink Affordable Price Table: Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning of Coca Cola Amatil (Source:) Value Proposition The quality of the products of Coca Cola Amatil will always be having high standard for meeting the needs of customers having high brand preferences. The beverage drinks of the organization will have real cola taste, refreshing quality and revitalizing ingredients, which will meet the refreshing needs of the athletics and other hard working people. The soft drinks of the organization will also will also meet the thirst quenching needs of the customers. Apart from that, Coca Cola Amatil will provide its beverage drinks to the customers at affordable prices. It will actually satisfy the price sensitive customers. Moreover, all these qualities of Coca Cola Amatil will make it able to stand out unique in the market over its rival organizations. Positioning Statement of Coca Cola Amatil To Health conscious people having needs of refreshing beverage drinks and energy drinks Coca Cola Amatil is the Highly refreshing beverage drink company That Can give customers a refreshing feelings through their thirst quenching soft drinks and energy drinks That is because High refreshing quality Revitalizing ingredients Thirst Quenching Quality Table 2: Positioning Statement of Coca Cola Amatil for Target Market (Source: Created by Author) Marketing Mix Coca Cola Amatil will provide non-alcoholic beverages like Coca Cola, diet coke, Coca Cola Vanilla, Fanta, Deep Spring. Apart from that, the organization will also incorporate health drinks for meeting the specific needs of athletic customers. Furthermore, the organization will also offer pure water for meeting the thirst quenching needs of the customers. Moreover, the drinks of the organization will be produced by standard quality water. Apart from that, the hot beverages like coffee and tea will meet the refreshing needs of the customers. The organization will always use affordable price for satisfying the price sensitive customers. Moreover, initially, the organization will use price penetration strategy by keeping the price low towards gaining high market share. However, gradually, it will use competitive pricing strategy towards for gaining increasing profit. The beverage drinks of Coca Cola Amatil will be available in retail stores, departmental stores and grocery shops. The products will also be available in the supermarkets. It will enhance the convenience of the customers towards accessing the products. Coca Cola Amatil will use various advertising and promotional strategies towards increasing the customer demands. Moreover, the organization will use print media and digital media towards reaching large volume of customers. Apart from that, the organization will also use social media channels for encouraging the new generation customers for purchasing the soft drinks. Coca Cola Amatil will high talented and skilled employees, who can add their unique ideas towards creating differentiation in the product lines. Apart from that, the organization will also hire talented sales person towards increasing sales volume of the products. The organization will use advanced technology in the production of non-alcoholic beverage drinks. Moreover, the advanced technology of the organization will help in effectively processing the beverage drinks. Apart from that, the organization will use social media channels in their marketing process towards enhancing the customer demand in the market. The well trained employees of Coca Cola Amatil will ensure production of high quality beverage drinking water. Apart from that, great website of the organization provides adequate product information to the organization. Furthermore, the different sizes of bottles of beverage drinks serve different types of needs of the customers. Conclusion While concluding the study, it can be said that Coca Cola Amatil is highly popular for its high quality beverage drinks. The brand reputation of the organization attracts huge customer volume. The organization serves the customers, who have the needs of soft drinks and energy drinks. Coca Cola Amatil collects customer information through customer survey and social media channels. On the other hand, the organization collects competitor information from business conferences and the outlets of the competitors. The organization should target people, who have highly refreshing needs. Moreover, the revitalizing and refreshing ingredients of the beverage drink products will satisfy the needs and preferences of the customers. Coca Cola Amatil should provide non-alcoholic beverage, water and hot beverage to the customers at affordable prices. Reference List Ardjouman, D. and Asma, B., 2015. Marketing Management Strategies Affecting Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Cote d'Ivoire.International Journal of Business and Social Science,6(4). Banterle, A., Cavaliere, A., Carraresi, L. and Stranieri, S., 2014. Food SMEs face increasing competition in the EU market: Marketing management capability is a tool for becoming a price maker.Agribusiness,30(2), pp.113-131. Ccamatil.com. 2017.Coca-Cola Amatil Australia, New Zealand South Pacific. [online] Available at: https://www.ccamatil.com/ [Accessed 12 Oct. 2017]. Coombes, P.H. and Nicholson, J.D., 2013. Business models and their relationship with marketing: A systematic literature review.Industrial Marketing Management,42(5), pp.656-664. Eng, T.Y. and Ozdemir, S., 2014. International RD partnerships and intrafirm RDmarketingproduction integration of manufacturing firms in emerging economies.Industrial Marketing Management,43(1), pp.32-44. Externally, S. 2017.Acapmag.com.au. [online] ACAPMAg - The voice of downstream petroleum. Available at: https://acapmag.com.au/home/2015/05/coca-cola-amatil-ltd-an-in-depth-analysis/ [Accessed 12 Oct. 2017]. Hingley, M., Angell, R. and Campelo, A., 2015. Introduction to the special issue on power in business, customer, and market relationships.Industrial Marketing Management,48, pp.101-102. Homburg, C., Jozi?, D. and Kuehnl, C., 2017. Customer experience management: toward implementing an evolving marketing concept.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,45(3), pp.377-401. Hutchinson, K., Donnell, L.V., Gilmore, A. and Reid, A., 2015. Loyalty card adoption in SME retailers: the impact upon marketing management.European Journal of Marketing,49(3/4), pp.467-490. Karjaluoto, H., Mustonen, N. and Ulkuniemi, P., 2015. The role of digital channels in industrial marketing communications.Journal of Business Industrial Marketing,30(6), pp.703-710. Kerr, G. and Patti, C., 2015. Strategic IMC: From abstract concept to marketing management tool.Journal of Marketing Communications,21(5), pp.317-339. La Rocca, A. and Snehota, I., 2014. Relating in business networks: Innovation in practice.Industrial Marketing Management,43(3), pp.441-447. Mialon, M., Swinburn, B., Allender, S. and Sacks, G., 2016. Systematic examination of publicly-available information reveals the diverse and extensive corporate political activity of the food industry in Australia.BMC public health,16(1), p.283. Mller, K., 2013. Theory map of business marketing: Relationships and networks perspectives.Industrial Marketing Management,42(3), pp.324-335. Vanharanta, M., Chakrabarti, R. and Wong, P., 2014. Institutional life of intuitive insights: Legitimacy of virtuoso intuitive marketing management.Industrial Marketing Management,43(5), pp.760-768. Viio, P. and Grnroos, C., 2014. Value-based sales process adaptation in business relationships.Industrial Marketing Management,43(6), pp.1085-1095. Viio, P. and Grnroos, C., 2016. How buyerseller relationship orientation affects adaptation of sales processes to the buying process.Industrial Marketing Management,52, pp.37-46. Weaven, S., Grace, D., Dant, R. and R. Brown, J., 2014. Value creation through knowledge management in franchising: a multi-level conceptual framework.Journal of Services Marketing,28(2), pp.97-104. Yang, Z. and Su, C., 2014. Institutional theory in business marketing: A conceptual framework and future directions.Industrial Marketing Management,43(5), pp.721-725. Zhou, Y., Zhang, X., Zhuang, G. and Zhou, N., 2015. Relational norms and collaborative activities: roles in reducing opportunism in marketing channels.Industrial Marketing Management,46, pp.147-159.

Devices of Internet of Things Free Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Devices of Internet of Things. Answer: Introduction The most modern technology that is famous worldwide is Internet of Things. Different features of business, implementation and research that are related with Internet of Things are needed in industries, government and academics. Different domain verticals applications are done by Internet of Things that ranges from civil sector to defense sector. The domains which are included are healthcare, construction, water, space and agriculture. These sectors are transforming their infrastructure to give support to Internet of Things. Prediction of computation, storage and connectivity are possible and their related solutions are also identified by using Internet of Things. Applications of Internet of Things such as management of infrastructure in rural and urban areas, monitoring health remotely, transportation systems, emergency system notification and shopping systems are depending upon Internet of Things based devices. In this present digital world, it is very much important to learn the ba sis of the emerging technology of Internet of Things. Literature Review on Internet of Things Review 1 Chosen Article: Understanding the Internet of Things (IoT) According to the article, to make a change in life of individual and productivity of enterprises internet things are needed. From the article it is reviewed that the network of intelligent smart devices that are local, potential to extend and enhance the fundamental services in security, utilities, healthcare, education, logistics and transportation Internet of Things are needed [3]. These Internet of Things devices provides new ecosystem for the development of the application. According to Cui, a great effort has been given to the industries of early stages to develop towards maturities that are driven by same understanding with particular nature of opportunity [10]. The characteristics that are distinct in the areas business, charging models, service distribution, capabilities that are required to deliver the Internet of Things devices and also different demands of putting these services on mobile networks. These Internet of Things devices provides new ecosystem for the development of the application. From this article it can be analyzed that common understandings of characteristics of Internet of Things will allow the partners to unite more efficiently in order to establish in the market and get benefit from society and consumers. For understanding IoT (Internet of Things) following things are described in this article: The services of Internet of Things that enhances life- The life enhancing services are enabled by Internet of Things through different sectors of economy. The distribution model of services of Internet of Things is made globally- The needs of the customers are meeting by models of global distribution and global services that are consistent. New commercial models are employed by Internet of Things- To support the mass deployment globally; an opportunity is given by Internet of Things for commercial models that are new. For the applications of Internet of Things new capabilities are developed- The maximum revenue comes from the value added services and the operators are making capabilities that are new to address areas of new services. The last thing that is stated in this article to understand Internet of Things is that demand is increasing and are differing on mobile networks- The behavior of applications and devices places new and different demands for mobile networks. Review 2 Chosen Article: Internet of Things: Converging Technologies for Smart Environments and Integrated Ecosystems. According to the article Internet of Things: Converging Technologies for Smart Environments and Integrated Ecosystems, Internet of Things is developing every day [11]. The potential of Internet of Things is estimated by combining similar approaches of technologies and also concepts that includes cloud computing, semantic technologies, robotics, future internet and big data [9]. The idea of combining these technologies is not new but has become evident because the concepts have started to release synergies. There are many numbers of factors that helps in increasing the maturity of Internet of Things which tends to full exploitation of Internet of Things. The factors that are mentioned in the article to increase the maturity of Internet of Things are as follows: No such clear approach is given for utilization of identifiers that are urgent and also number the spaces for different kinds of volatile and persistent objects globally. No such development of Internet of Things architecture references like ARM (Architecture reference Model) of project and accelerated use of Internet of Things. Semantic interoperability that is used for exchanging the sensor data in environments that are heterogeneous have less rapid advance. The ownership and trust of data of Internet of Things are difficult to develop that is used for innovation and also giving privacy and security in a complicated environment. There lays a difficulty to develop business which enhances the full potential of the Internet of Things. The learning and testing environment are missing which increase both experimentation with sensor networks and also increases innovation via experience and reflection. The roaming charges that fall in practical aspect of Internet of Things have application of large range sensor and also miss the availability of technical aspect and network connectivity that are reliable. If these hurdles are overcome, then Internet of Things will lead to better exploitation in the areas of cross domain interactivity, awareness of real world is increased and also utilizing problem solving space that are infinite [12]. The further solutions and approaches to make Internet of Things better exploited are discussed briefly in this article. Review 3 Chosen Article: An Overview Understanding the Issues and Challenges of a More Connected World. The concept that is explained in the article An Overview Understanding the Issues and Challenges of a More Connected World is that it is an important part in the technology sector of engineering, policy and industry [8]. The Internet of Things has become a specialty press and also a popular media in the news. The technology of Internet of Things has provided a wide area in the products, systems and also the sensors which are needed in computing power, network interconnections and electronics miniaturization that offers new opportunities that were not possible previously. The potential of Internet of Things is estimated by combining similar approaches of technologies and also concepts that includes cloud computing, semantic technologies, robotics, future internet and big data [1]. The idea of combining these technologies is not new but has become evident because the concepts have started to release synergies. Applications of Internet of Things such as management of infrastructure in r ural and urban areas, monitoring health remotely, transportation systems, emergency system notification and shopping systems are depending upon Internet of Things based devices. In this present digital world, it is very much important to learn the basis of the emerging technology of Internet of Things. The Internet of Things products used by consumers are detailed in this article [14]. The devices are home automation system, devices of energy management makes the world to move towards a smarter home. This Internet of Things offers more energy and security the house [2]. Other devices of Internet of Things that are discussed in this article are monitoring health devices and wearable fitness and also medical devices that are network enabled for transforming the services of healthcare [6]. The technology of Internet of Things provides benefits to the elderly people and also people with disabilities so that the quality of life is increased at a very reasonable cost. Systems like intelli gent traffic system, roads that are sensor embedded and networked vehicles are the systems of Internet of Things which leads to smart cities and helps to decrease the congestion of cities and also helps in consumption of energy. This article explains that Internet of Things gives possibility to transform energy production, industry and agriculture by increasing data availability in the productions that are made of networked sensors [13]. The challenges and issues that arise with Internet of Things are considered as important aspect in the digital world and to mitigate them relative procedures are taken. Three security issues of IoT Data Encryption Numerous amounts of data is collected by the devices of Internet of Things. Data processing and data retrieval is considered as the internal part of the Internet of Things environment. The data that are put in the devices of Internet of Things are very personal and also needed to give a protection via encryption. The security issue of Internet of Things is secured by using Secure Socket Layer Protocol (SSL) when the information is online [5]. The website that are used in daily life has Secure Socket Layer Protocol certification to give a protection to the and also encrypt the user data that are online. Only the half part of the website is protected by SSL and the other side is to give protection to wireless protocol side. The data that are transferred without wire also needs encryption process. The location of the sensitive data is to be kept personal and it is to be kept in mind that only the user knows about the data. So, for inbuilt encryption, wireless protocol is to be installed . Data Authentication When the data is encrypted, and then comes the chance of getting hacked. The data is to be protected from hacking. To security to establish authenticity of data those are communicated to the receiver and from the sender in an Internet of Things is compromised [8]. For an example, in a temperature sensor device for smart home, even after encryption of data, if someone hacks the system and send fake data instructing the sensor to make the temperature hot instead if cooling or vice versa. So there must be authenticated data that are sending to the device. Security risk comes from authentication problem of the information. Hardware Issue The hardware creates a problem from the beginning of Internet of Things [16]. The makers of Internet of Things devices, the chipmakers of devices such as Intel and ARM are focusing more on security purpose because with all time new generation evolving, new ways are coming to as a risk to the devices. But then also the security gap does not fill up. The modern architecture of the devices of Internet of Things faces a security problem mainly in the chips that are fixed inbuilt in the Internet of Things devices [15]. Making new devices and implementing new chips make the price of the device go high. To ensure the security process, the chips are remade and thus become expensive. The complex design of the chips also requires more power consumption which gives a challenge to the Internet of Things devices. Better approaches are to be inbuilt so that the devices are affordable and are safe from security risks. Mitigate Security Threat The solution for mitigating risk that is related to hardware security is done by testing the system before the framework is being installed. Four such methods of testing a device before implementation is discussed below- Testing hardware- The best and most significant way to mitigate the security risk of hardware in Internet of Things is to test the framework of the place [4]. The testing procedure includes- device range, capacity and latency and manufacturability test. In Device range the coverage network of Internet of Things is paramount. The range of the application is to be specified before the device application. For example if the technology of Zigbee is applied on the devices network that is to be implemented, then the numbers of repeaters are to needed is to be fixed so that the communication range id fixed. The capacity of handling the speed of device network in bytes per second and the latency signifies the time that is taken to transfer the data between endpoints of application [3]. The latency and the capacity of the applications of Internet of Things are to be improved so that the performance increases. The applications and the devices of data intensive are to be tested thoroughly for balancing the capacity and latency of the device. Manufacturability test includes testing the devices that are taken from other manufacturers so the when they are accumulated to make a device, it does not creates a problem. The devices are to be tested in dividually. Acknowledgment Applications of Internet of Things such as management of infrastructure in rural and urban areas, monitoring health remotely, transportation systems, emergency system notification and shopping systems are depending upon Internet of Things based devices. In this present digital world, it is very much important to learn the basis of the emerging technology of Internet of Things. The life enhancing services are enabled by Internet of Things through different sectors of economy. Different features of business, implementation and research that are related with Internet of Things are needed in industries, government and academics. References Bonomi, Flavio, Rodolfo Milito, Jiang Zhu, and Sateesh Addepalli. "Fog computing and its role in the internet of things." In Proceedings of the first edition of the MCC workshop on Mobile cloud computing, pp. 13-16. ACM, 2012. Chandrakanth, S., K. Venkatesh, J. Uma Mahesh, and K. V. Naganjaneyulu. "Internet of things." International Journal of Innovations Advancement in Computer Science 3, no. 8 (2014): 16-20. Cui X. The internet of things. InEthical Ripples of Creativity and Innovation 2016 (pp. 61-68). Palgrave Macmillan, London. Da Xu, Li, Wu He, and Shancang Li. "Internet of things in industries: A survey." IEEE Transactions on industrial informatics 10, no. 4 (2014): 2233-2243. Drucker, Peter F. "Internet of Things." European Commission Information Society and Media (2015). Gubbi, Jayavardhana, Rajkumar Buyya, Slaven Marusic, and Marimuthu Palaniswami. "Internet of Things (IoT): A vision, architectural elements, and future directions." Future generation computer systems 29, no. 7 (2013): 1645-1660. Lee, Gyu Myoung, Noel Crespi, Jun Kyun Choi, and Matthieu Boussard. "Internet of things." In Evolution of Telecommunication Services, pp. 257-282. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. Rose K, Eldridge S, Chapin L. The internet of things: An overview. The Internet Society (ISOC). 2015 Oct 15:1-50. Vermesan O and Friess P, editors. Internet of things: converging technologies for smart environments and integrated ecosystems. River Publishers; 2013. Wang, Yongheng, and Xiaoming Zhang. "Internet of things." (2012). Wortmann, Felix, and Kristina Flchter. "Internet of things." Business Information Systems Engineering 57, no. 3 (2015): 221-224. Wortmann, Felix, and Kristina Flchter. "Internet of things." Business Information Systems Engineering 57, no. 3 (2015): 221-224. Xia F, Yang LT, Wang L and Vinel A. Internet of things. International Journal of Communication Systems. 2012 Sep 1;25(9):1101. Xia, Feng, Laurence T. Yang, Lizhe Wang, and Alexey Vinel. "Internet of things." International Journal of Communication Systems 25, no. 9 (2012): 1101. Yang, Shuang-Hua. "Internet of things." In Wireless Sensor Networks, pp. 247-261. Springer London, 2014. Zanella, Andrea, Nicola Bui, Angelo Castellani, Lorenzo Vangelista, and Michele Zorzi. "Internet of things for smart cities." IEEE Internet of Things journal 1, no. 1 (2014): 22-32.

Investigation Of Pit Size Versus Larval Size In An Antlion Essays

Investigation Of Pit Size Versus Larval Size In An Antlion Senior Seminar 20 April 2001 Abstract The purpose of this study was to test whether there was a relationship between the size of an antlion and the size of its pit. Fieldwork was undertaken at UT's Brackenridge Field Laboratory in Austin, Texas. There we selected two aggregations of larval antlions from which to obtain the data. Pit diameter and slope were measured to obtain the pit volume. After pits were measured, larvae were collected and weighted in the lab with an analytical balance. Regressions of larval weight versus pit diameter, slope, and pit volume were obtained. All three variables showed significant coefficients of determination (R-squared * 0.7). These results are then compared to previous studies that found weaker relationships between larval size and pit size. Possible reasons for these differences are discussed. Introduction The antlion got its name from early European scholars who likened the insect to, a small creature, extremely hostile to ants. Antlion larvae are carnivorous predators that feed mainly on small mobile arthropods such as ants, as well as the occasional spider, beetle, fly, caterpillar, wasp, and mite that falls into its pit. Our research was conducted on the species Myrmeleon crudalis, which is from the order Neuoptera. This species lives preferably in sheltered, sandy regions and builds shallow, cone-shaped pits in the surrounding substrate. The larvae use these pits to capture their prey. The insect falls into the pit and is unable to climb up the loose sand on the sides of the pit. The antlion lies buried at the bottom of the pit and catches its prey with its strong, piercing mandibles. The larvae secrete digestive enzymes through the mandibular groove into the prey item. After the antlion sucks out the soft tissues of the prey, the exterior shell is discarded by actively pushing it out of the pit. Although M. crudalis is a pit-building species, not all antlion species build pits. Some species hide under debris, gravel, or wood and wait for prey to pass by in close enough range for capture. The lifecycle of the antlion involves many stages. Adults lay sticky eggs on sandy soil and the eggs become coated with fine layer of dust for camouflage. Larvae hatch from the eggs after few weeks and then undergo three instar stages before pupating. Larvae may even live several years before pupating - lack of food can lead to longer life-span whereas if there is abundant food supply, the larvae may mature much more quickly. The larvae pupate in the soil in a cocoon of sand and silky fibers. After approximately one month of pupating, the adults emerge from the cocoons. Adult antlions closely resemble dragonflies and damselflies, however, unlike the latter two, adult antlions are very weak flyers. During the day, the adults lie perched on camouflaging branches and are only really active in the evenings. The adults can reach approximately 4 centimeters in length, and they can have a wingspan of 8 centimeters.1 The life span of the adult antlion is approximately one month. The one month time span is just enough time for the adults to reproduce and begin the life cycle again. There are approximately 2000 different antlion species distributed throughout the world, however, antlions are mainly found in the warmer climates of Southern Africa, Australia, and the southern United States. The most common species are M. obsoletus in North America, and M. formicarius in Europe. M. carolinus is the most common species found in Florida and other southern states of America. Antlion larvae from the species we studied built conical shaped pits in the surrounding sandy substrate. Larvae build their pits in four steps. First, the larvae move in what appears to be very random, undirected movements just under surface of the soil. Possibly these movements serve to loosen the substrate or test the site for gravel obstructions. The antlion then proceeds to establish the circular boundaries and diameter of its pit. In the next step, the antlion spirals downward to deepen the pit. The antlion moves backward while displaces the sand by scooping it up with its head and mandibles and actively throwing it out of the developing pit. Finally, once the diameter

Living in a Frictionless World Essays

Living in a Frictionless World Essays Living in a Frictionless World Paper Living in a Frictionless World Paper Problems that could occur in a frictionless world: One of the most known problems would be that everything will slip; there will be no friction helping the object to stay in place. One example is when you are walking, you will slip a lot because there is no friction between the ground and your foot (or what you are wearing on your feet). Another example Is that you cannot hold anything; everything you try to hold will slip off your hand. Another very dangerous Issue would be when you are driving a vehicle; the vehicle will never stop moving unless It crashed Into something. There will no longer be any alarm resistance If friction does not exist on Earth. Thus, any meteorite that Is falling towards Earths surface will have no alarm resistance to create friction which generates heat. Henceforth, the meteorite will not lose any volume. This will make life a lot more dangerous when a meteorite Is crashing onto Earth. Another concern will be that you cannot digest any of your food; this Is because it requires friction for your body to digest food. Also, whatever you digest in your body will immediately exit your body because there is no friction to hold it in your body. Thus, human will not be able to survive for too long without friction. 2. Steps to help humankind to survive and function: As stated above, human will not be able to survive for so long without friction due to he fact that their body cannot digest food or store any ingested solid or liquid. Thus, it is require that they move to another area (parts of the world where there is still friction). Or what human could do is build restaurant in that area where there is friction for people to eat. This way, if the people eat there, their food could be digested. They should stay in that area for a couple of hours (long enough for their food to be digested).

Project management of aproject that i will give Essay

Project management of aproject that i will give - Essay Example resources and effort used and discounts the proficiencies of the project manager, thereby providing a rigid and accountable project management method. It establishes clear dependencies and facilitates identification of the critical path of the process. However, the method tends to be tedious when the number of paths and activities is large in number. It is also difficult to monitor the pace of the project using this method. WBS: WBS enables the identification of all the tasks required to complete the project and enables the project manager to move around things easily. Adding, deleting and modifying activities is a simplified process. However, it does not provide an exhaustive picture and is does not provide a chronological sequence of occurrence of the activities. A work package is a set of activities that can be assigned to an individual participant in a project. A work package helps plan a group of related activities that provide a common end result. Estimates from the parameters of work packages help determine the pace of the project as a combined set of all such estimates of related work packages. WBS is used to decompose a complex activity into a set of individual and discrete activities. An organizational breakdown structure help define the hierarchical constitution of the project’s and responsibilities. CPA is a mathematical approach to enabling the scheduling of projects. The structure of a WBS is communicated between a project manager and those responsible for each of the discrete activities. OBS is used by the project team to have an understanding of the report and command mechanism between different team members. CPA is used by the project planner, who estimates the time required for each activity and transition from one activity to another. Without a WBS, there would be no possibility to decompose a complex project into a set of simple activities. Without OBS, team members would not know whom to report to and whom to take orders from. Without a